11 Essential Bone Health Facts About Calcium and Vitamin D You Should Know

6. Who is most at risk of low vitamin D or calcium—and what to watch for

Certain groups commonly have lower vitamin D or calcium intake. Older adults often absorb nutrients less efficiently and spend less time outdoors, increasing risk. People with darker skin make less vitamin D from the same sun exposure compared with lighter skin, so they may need longer time in the sun or higher dietary intake. Those who wear clothing that covers most skin for cultural or personal reasons, people who live in northern latitudes, or anyone who is housebound are also at higher risk. Medical conditions such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or bariatric surgery can reduce absorption of calcium and vitamin D, too. If you fall into one of these groups, speak with your clinician about testing and dietary planning. Early awareness helps you prevent fractures and muscle weakness later in life.